Anatomy terminology

Anatomy terminology: with foot reflexology but also massage you often see the anatomy terminology, here we explain what they mean



Medial:                           = towards the midline/interior

Lateral:                          = away from the midline/exterior

Ventral/anterior:         = front/ forwards

Dorsal/posterior:         = rear/towards the back

Proximal:                       = closer to the center of the body

Distal:                             = away from the center of the body

Cranial:                          = upwards towards the position of the head

Caudal:                          = towards the position of the tail bone/tailbone

Anatomy terminology

Skeletal Orientation points

• Shoulder blade - scapula
• bone plate on the scapula - spina scapula
• coracoid - processus coracoideus
• shoulder blade cap - acromion
• collarbone - clavicula
• upper arm bone -  humerus
• forearm bones -  radius, ulna
• intervertebral disk -       vertebra
• spinous process (bony protuberance on top of the vertebrae) - processus spinosus
• transverse process (bony protuberance on the sides of the vertebrae) - processus transversus
• cervical vertebrae column - cervical vc, C1 tm C7
• thoracic vertebrae column  - thoracic vc, Th1-Th 12
• lumbar vertebrae columna - lumbar vc, L1- L5
• breastbone - sternum
• rib -  costa
• pelvis (uppermost, largest part of the hip bone, sit-bones)    - os coxa (ilium,ischii, pubis )
• sacrum -  os sacrum (S1-S5)
• tailbone -  coccyx - os coccygis
• thighbone - femur
• lower leg -  tibia (tibia) fibula (calf bone)

 

Direction of joint movement

Bending: flexion

Stretching: extension

Bending sideways: lateral flexion

Turning inwards: endorotation

Turning outwards:  exorotation

Turning sideways & outwards : abduction

Turning sideways & inwards:  adduction

 

 

 

Joints
Shoulder joint	=	articulatio humerus
Elbow joint	=	articulatio cubitus
Hip joint:	=	articulatio coxæ
Knee joint:	=	articulatio genus